Managing People Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managing People - Essay Example If the geographical scope, financial strength, and wide customer base fail to persuade someone about the prominence of Starbucks as an icon of the corporate world, one can come up with a long list of laurels and awards that the company holds under its name, highlighting its success and reputation (Clark, 2007, p. 427; Michelli, 2006, p. 387). Zagat’s Survey of National Chain Restaurants for the year 2010 identified Starbucks as â€Å"No. 1 Best Coffee† and â€Å"No.1 Most Popular Quick Refreshment Chain†. For the past decade, it has appeared on the Fortune’s list of â€Å"Most Admired companies in America† and â€Å"The 100 Best Companies to Work for† (Mangold, 2010, p. 82). Quite understandably, a significant portion of this impeccable success enjoyed by Starbucks comes from its ability to manage, effectively and efficiently, its human resource. As a service oriented business, employees determine the customer service quality of the company, represent the company and their productivity determines the overall productivity of the organisation (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2007, p. 97). This paper is an attempt to discuss the leadership, organisational culture, organisational structure, organisational learning and employee motivation techniques employed by Starbucks. The paper argues that the prime leadership for Starbucks comes from Howard Schultz, for most parts, has appeared as a transformational leader. In fact, fitting the profile of a transformational leader, has allowed Schultz to inspire and create many more leaders in the company who have assisted in driving the growth by providing a wonderful customer service experience (Behar, 2007, p. 489). The culture of the company can be classified as collaborative work culture, one where much importance is placed on employee empowerment, employee engagement and worker welfare. More importantly, it is the decentralised, flat and matrix structure is the prime entity, which supports s uch as a work culture through promoting open and efficient communication amongst employees (Gilbert, 2008, p. 111). Moreover, the employee motivation at Starbucks can be understood through the application of Expectancy theory and Equity theory of Motivation. Besides, the above mentioned points, the paper will also outline a change management processes for the company and would provide recommendations based on the findings and analysis. Findings and Analysis Leadership There is evidence to believe that, Howard Schultz has been a transformational leader for Starbucks. The prime reason for it is rooted in the fact that Schultz, right from the very beginning had a vision in mind. It was in the early 1980s Howard Schultz, the current CEO, Chairman and President of the company, joined Starbucks as head of marketing. Schultz, after a trip from Italy, realised that to those people, coffee meant much more than just a drink. It was an experience, glue holding together people and their convers ations and bringing them closer (Schultz & Yang, 1999, p. 27). Schultz landed upon the idea of creating coffee houses where coffee becomes an enchanting and relaxing experience rather than a mere product. Jerry Baldwin had left the

Operant Applications Essay Example for Free

Operant Applications Essay Self actualization is at the pinnacle of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs which examines the order by which human actions are geared towards. According to Maslow, in order to have the other needs, the basic needs have to be satisfied first . Only upon satisfying the physiological needs are the other needs considered. As such, the graduation in level suggests that self-actualization is the most difficult level to attain because of the preconditions that need to be satisfied in order to advance. According to Maslow, this is the most difficult to achieve due to its nature. It is not an absolute fact but is relative and therefore difficult to attain. The teachings of Maslow have shown that due to the relative nature of self actualization it is possible that a person may have achieved this but has not realized such and is therefore incapable of self actualization. In order to be self actualized, Maslow stated that there is a need for inner exploration and action. Man needs to realize his internal self and come to terms with such. It is this motivation which leads a person to self-actualization. This is problematic on several levels which explains why Freud had a different perspective on the matter. While Maslow derived his theory from Freud, Freud’s teaching was different in that these innate impulses are caused by the developments in the human psyche and the subconscious. There is no innate mechanism but rather the logical effect of the interactions of the different personalities and parts of the human mind. The motivation comes not from the desire for self-actualization but from human behavior. From a cognitive point of view, this hierarchy of needs and self actualization is a function of the perturbations that an autonomous system needs. It is not so much self actualization, from this perspective, as it is the perceived competence to satisfy the basic needs in due time. There are, therefore, three main components, material, cognitive and subjective. As such, self actualization is hampered by subjective incompetence which is caused during childhood that act as an inhibitor preventing the further development of cognitive competence.

The Death Penalty Debate Essay -- Papers Capital Punishment Essays Pap

The Death Penalty Debate The issue of the death penalty is widely disputed. So disputed that maybe I shouldn’t have picked this topic. But nevertheless, the death penalty is an issue that needs to be addressed. Should the death penalty be abolished from our criminal justice system? Well, that depends on whom you ask. If you ask me†¦ no. I personally don’t see anything wrong with the death penalty because there are a lot of criminals that are just too dangerous to society and death is the only punishment they deserve. I know that it is in the eighth amendment that prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, and I can’t think of a greater punishment for a crime than death, but I believe that exceptions should be made. Despite U.S. Supreme Court rulings to the contrary, many death penalty opponents consider capital punishment in and of itself to be cruel and unusual. They believe the death penalty to be a barbarous practice that should be discarded. Specific methods of execution also frequently come under attack as violating the Eighth Amendment. Death penalty advocates counter that the framers of the Constitution took capital punishment for granted, and did not consider it cruel and unusual. Some proponents of the death penalty believe some methods of execution, such as lethal injection, are more humane than others. (http://ethics.acusd.edu/death_penalty.html) From 1930, the first year for which statistics are readily available from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, to 1967, 3,859 persons were executed. During this period, over half (54%) of those executed were black, 45 % were white, and the remaining 1% were members of other racial groups -- American Indians (19), Filipino (13), Chinese (8), and Japanese (2). The vast ... ...ht make all the violent offenders think twice before they commit the crime. Works Cited: Death Penalty Debate. (http://www.uaa.alaska.edu/just/ death/), Online, March 2000. -Gives information on the states that have reinstated capital punishment into their justice system and gives a list of the 12 states that still do not have the death penalty. Pollitt, Katha: The Nation, New York; Mar 6, 2000; Vol. 270, Iss. 9; pg. 10, 1 pgs, EBSCOhost March 2000 -Gives a detailed two sided argument on the death penalty and argues how it costs more to house an immate for life in prison. Punishment And The Death Penalty. (http://www.ethics. acused.edu/death_penalty.html), Online, March 2000. - Gives statistical facts on the history of the death penalty. Sullum, Jacob: Reason, Los Angeles; Mar 2000; Vol. 31, iss. 10, pg. 14, 1 pgs, EBSCOhost March 2000

Crisis of Modern American Masculinity :: Essays Papers

Crisis of Modern American Masculinity I think every man between 20 and 40 needs to read Elizabeth Gilbert's "The Last American Man". Without going into details (like I said, you should read the book), this is a biography/profile of Eustace Conway - a man who is, among other things, capable of and prefers to (or would prefer to) live the kind of frontier lifestyle we have read about: hunting and gathering his food, living in a house he built using his own hands, making his own clothes from the skins of animals he captured, etc. I suspect that for many people the story, at least initially, will arouse the sort of Romantic feelings that tend to come with fantasies of a "simple life" of rugged self-sufficiency. However, even for those who are quite certain that they prefer their modern urban lifestyle (air conditioning, direct deposit, grocery stores, ebay, cable TV, &c.), I think this book raises fundamental questions about what it means to be a man at the dawn of the twenty-first century. The problem, as I see it, is that we have not re-defined masculinity for the modern age. In the old days, masculinity was measured by (1) physical abilities, particularly strength, but also skill, (2) power/success/wealth, and (3) sexual prowess. The first can be developed through education and hard work, the second could be acquired through the application of the first, and the third, well, either you got it or you don't, but locker-room bragging can always make up for any lacks, especially if you got the first two. Boys growing up in such a society work to develop their physical abilities and learn how to apply them most efficaciously, thus becoming a "man". This makes sense when a man might be faced with the challenge of building shelter on the prairie or raising crops, but us modern urban men are unlikely to face such challenges. Of course, we are not unprepared for the challenges of a modern urban lifestyle. Our education generally provides such life-sustaining skills as linear algebra, the performing arts, and information systems management. The educational system is successful enough to allow most of us to get jobs that pay us enough to afford all the requirements of a modern urban lifestyle: housing, food, clothing, entertainment, transportation, etc. The trouble is that while education has more or less kept pace with the advance of civilization, our notions of masculinity have not.

A Theory in Crisis Essay

People are naturally selfish, greedy and will always think about themselves especially during difficult times. That is even scientifically proven by Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution – Natural Selection, â€Å"Natural selection eliminates inferior species gradually over time. † It is the only way to survive. And yet there are still a few good men who would go out of their comfort zones to bring justice onto the table. Willie Stark had enjoyed his fair share of both the good and the bad. â€Å"Guilty of dishonest practices, as bribery; without integrity; crooked† (Stein, 1975, p. 302). Corruption can be a politician’s worst nightmare or his best friend. Sometimes, you do it against your will. But in the end, you are consumed by it, just like any other power hungry crazed individual, believing that they can make a difference. Willie Stark believed in it too. Willie was just like any ordinary farmer’s son. He grew up in the South and is employed as Mason City’s county treasurer. He wanted to make a difference by giving light into a controversy. He set out a campaign against an alleged county schoolhouse construction contract. He was working for Dolph Pillsbury, the County sheriff, who happened to favor the bid of a certain J. H. Moore over all the others. The fact that J. H. Moore did not have the lowest bid only brought more suspicion as to why he was chosen. Willie fought this, as he was on the side of Jeffers Construction, the one having placed the lowest bid. Eventually, the County sheriff got what he wanted and J. H. Moore won the contract, Willie lost his job. But he stood by his conviction and he was rewarded. Years later, the schoolhouse met a tragic fate due to the low quality construction materials that was used by J. H. Moore. The building collapsed, killing three and injuring several others. I believe this moment was one of the turning points of the story. It shows that when you stood by what you tried to fight for until the very end, the people would know of this and you will gain their sympathy. Hence, he ran for governor as planned by existing political figures. Although he did not win, this became his driving force to study law, and later to run again for the same position. Willie Stark’s character in Robert Penn Warren’s All the King’s Men is that of a governor surrounded by all the people mixed in a perfect concoction to produce the dictionary meaning of political differences powered by blackmail, alliances and corruption. I believe that a person’s morality is gravely affected by circumstances of everyday living. One day you believe in the political system, the next day you probably would not. Maybe you encountered a bully police officer, a person trying to blackmail you, or a pickpocket. A person can be as hard as a rock when he or she stands by his/her moral and ethical principles. But even the strongest rocks are destroyed especially by secrets that are meant to damage your public image and meant to shake the very foundation of your moral beliefs. I believe that Willie Stark was corrupted by the political system. And I would like to point out three reasons why. As I have mentioned, Willie wanted to correct what he thought was wrong with the schoolhouse bid event when he stood up for the Jeffers Construction. Unknown to him, the County sheriff will still be the one to call the shots since he has authority over every single thing that happens. I believe this showed how much Willie was not in favor of set-ups in the political hierarchy, and an honest man would accept losing his job rather than sticking up to the misdoings of his superior. Another circumstance pointing to the righteousness of Willie was when he gave his support to his opponent Sam MacMurfee during his first time to run for governor. He found out the plan when Sadie Burke revealed it to him and to the dismay of all those who worked for his campaign, he announced his support to his rival on his big speech. Lastly, his efforts to build a free-for-all hospital sum up his desire to help the needy. What I see is a person who believes in the morality of things but is just caught up in the immorality and corruption that is inevitable in politics. Right from the start he was good, and he never stopped being good even if he has to do bad to be good. References AllAboutScience. org. (2002). Darwin’s Theory of Evolution – A Theory in Crisis. Retrieved December 22, 2007, from http://darwins-theory-of-evolution. com Stein, J. (Ed. ). (1975). The Random House College Dictionary. New York: Random House, Inc.

Exporting Democracy essays

Exporting Democracy essays Since its inception, America has been steeped into the view that it is an extraordinary nation, a city on a hill, a beacon of hope and continues to this day to bask in the glory. What began as Puritan declaration and Jeffersonian thought aimed at promoting a societal reconstruction has now been coupled with economic and militaristic superiority to represent a much more complicated ideology. At the forefront of this consciousness stands the American democracy, and after Alexis DeTocqueville published Democracy in America in the 1800s, America became the envy of the world, or at least thats what the high school history teachers said. The close of World War II marked the end of global imperialism and ushered in a policy that called for systemic decolonization of some of the heftiest land-grabs in history. America never prided itself as an empire, at least not publicly. Post-Cold War politics, however, left the United States as the worlds only remaining superpower- an unchecked force that regularly exercises imperial privileges, all in the name of democracy. Between 1989 and 1999, we invaded Panama, smashed Iraq, intervened in Somalia, invaded Haiti, launched air strikes on Bosnia, fired missiles at Baghdad, Sudan, and Afghanistan and destroyed Serbia. We also imposed embargoes on Libya, Iran, Iraq, and dozens of other states. In every single conflict, America portrayed itself as the protector of the free world...a protector of democracy. In a speech to his constituency, Martin Luther King, Jr. said in 1963: Dont let anybody make you think that God chose America as his divine, messianic force to be, a sort of policeman of the whole world. God has a way of standing before the nations with judgment and it seems that I can hear God saying to America, Youre too arrogant. And if you dont change your ways, I will rise up and break the backbone of your power. ...Forty years la...

English Castle Essay Essays

English Castle Essay Essays English Castle Essay Essay English Castle Essay Essay Palaces are munitions made to protect resources and lives every bit good. It is besides the chief construction of defence. Walls made of big chiseled heavy rocks that are stacked to flawlessness. The palace has a stable. depot. bakeshops. kitchens. bungalows and quarters for soldiers. Normally a metropolis a situated in a palace where a metropolis is surrounded by walls and the lone entryway is a individual immense gate. This gate is where the merchandisers and enterprisers trade goods for the metropolis market. It was the Norman vanquishers who made the palace constructing an art. They built palaces chiefly as a defence outstation. They situate a palace in a high land wherein it will be surrounded by H2O or a deep ditch. It was supposed to be high because it will detain interlopers from assailing besides it will be really susceptible for bowmans to snipe down interlopers. Castle acts as supports or fastnesss that no 1 can perforate. A palace is governed by a male monarch. the highest regulation. In the English scene. palaces were built in Medieval epoch. wherein palaces were made out of rock. This is a additive representation of what has transpired back so. In the Stone age. Causewayed Camps and Stonehenge was discovered. The Bronze age produced the Hillforts of England and the Maiden Castle. which is considered to be the biggest palace. In the Iron Age and the Romans Hillforts of England was reinforced since the English were under besieging. The English people put up Hadrian’s Wall and the Roman Forts as a line of defence. After the Romans have fallen. the English people were ungratified with war and were attacked by Scotts. the Welch and the Anglo-Saxons. These encroachers were besides accompanied by the sudden onslaughts of the Vikings. By that clip Alfred the great idea of defence mechanism to do England less susceptible for onslaughts. Alfred the great made the non a formation of walls alternatively made a strategic placement of bastioned towns that was called â€Å"Burhs† . Logically. if there are many bastioned towns reenforcing each other so there will less onslaughts made because the opportunities of endurance will be little. This happened in the reign of the Anglo-Saxon which is besides known as the Dark Ages. But the root of all the esteemed palaces made were from the Medieval Period spearheaded by the Norman Invasion in which they introduced the Motte and Bailey palace which is made from rock and wood. At this clip. the Medieval Kings have devised a program to raise Windsor and Warwick Castle. Then King Edward I conquered the Wales. He established the monolithic munitions called Concentric Castles. Examples of these Concentric Castles are the Cowny. Harlech and the Caernarvon Castle. Concentric Castles were besides called Edwardian Castles. They have no basic points of concentration. Their defence is the wall rings built around them and the entryway is a individual gate that serves as span and besides served as the gate. They lower the Gatess in the forenoon and stopping points at dark. Palaces in general are chiefly for protection and besides for economic intents. There are estimated to be 72 English Palaces and here are some of them: Alnwick. Lindisfarne. Warwick. Carisbrooke. Pevensey. Tintagel. Stafford. Pendennis. Lancaster. Herstmonceux. Saint Mawes. Grimsthorpe. Calshot. Rochester. Ludlow. Kenilworth. Richmond. Carlisle. Yarmouth. Bodiam and Scotney Castle. Among those Numberss of Castle. a few stand-out such as Pontefract. Bodiam. Caister. Allington. Hever. Tower of London. Windsor. Warwick and Leeds Castle. Pontefract Castle was King Charles last fortress in the Civil War. Bodiam Castle was erected by a soldier in the clip of King Edward III named Sir John Dalyngrudge. He believed that strengthening the palace would do it difficult for interlopers to perforate. Caister Castle was built by Sir John Fastolfe. who fought in the Gallic Wars. In the Allington Castle. Sir Thomas Wyatt was born. This palace was his sanctuary for composing the prose and poetry of his verse form. Hever Castle has a beautiful garden ever been associated with Queen Anne Boleyn which is the courtesan of King Henry VIII. The Tower of London is considered to be the royal abode of the King. It besides means that it was the centre of power. Tower of London is non a individual tower but it consists of other different tower as defence constructions. It thwarted the onslaughts of the Vikings. Beheading and anguishs are besides done here to demo disenchantment the people from the strength the authorities has and besides to advance fright to their enemies. Windsor Castle is longest standing palace with its nine hundred old ages of its glorious being. The Windsor Castle is comprised of three wards viz. : Saint George’s Chapel as the lower ward. royal flats and grad province suites as the upper ward and in-between ward is an amphitheatre. The Warwick Castle follows a Motte and Bailey manner that is made of wood but since the William the vanquisher was in-charge the he changed the wooden portion of the palace into rock by working the Anglo-Saxon labour force. Last. the Leeds Castle. which lies on the River of Len and is strategically engineered between to adjacent islands. The name Leeds came from King Ethelbert IV called Ledian. Whatever the advantages of Motte and Bailey and Concetric designs. for being inexpensive and petroleum or tough and expensive. it certainly made the history of England really meaningful. Acquisitions of land here and at that place entailed that there was a decentralised regulation of power and due to it colonisers took advantage of it and waged war. The Norman vanquishers should be proud on what they have achieved. Today. palaces are merely leftovers of what has transpired back so. All of which is written in history. engraved in our memory. The adversities and agonies of those who are tortured are shouting in the air where the palace stood. Ghosts of the dead hangout these sacred topographic points. a topographic point rich with tradition and full of award and self-respect. Palaces are non merely munitions for protection but a shelter for the weak and laden. a symbol of courage and diplomatic negotiations and above all a symbol of life in its borrowed being. The English Castles are rich with memories of the executed and the times of victory. For what of it remains is what is ours to continue. Its being can neer be replaced. its value. its worth. and its beauty. Last. palaces are non built by rock. wood or clay. it is made of the people’s blood. perspiration and cryings. Peoples visit English palaces because of awe and astonishment that it brings to them. Its construction reminds them of how people have lived and it besides depicts the events that have transpired back so. Since wars are the preponderantly remembered association with palaces. rumours and narratives about the being of shades emerged. The being of shades is attributed to the executings done inside a palace and besides to the captives kept in the keep. Though there is no material grounds to demo that there are shades within these palaces. people still insists its being. The intricate designs and ornamentation around the palace adds up to the mysticism it brings to the visitants. The chief attractive force in sing palaces is the topographic point where the throne is situated since in represents royalty and laterality over a big graduated table of people. But there is besides an equal pulling portion of the palace in contrast to the throne is the keep or den. This is where captives of war are kept. In this topographic point. it is believed that captives are being tortured to decease to pull out information from their ground forces. Since. trueness is valued. these captives are executed and their shrieks fill the air like a vibrating sound of a shade. Death is considered to be the stoping of their torture. In amount. palaces are visited based on their history and to what historical events have happened at that place. Castles best explicate how the preexistent people have lived their lives and besides it demo how engineering have transcended to what it is right now. The scientific technology and planning of making a good palace is logically thought of. Every item of a palace has a rational intent. It was distinctively modified upon the demands of the people populating in it. Last. the durable palaces are the groundss of the great historical events for the English people.

The Writ of Habeas Corpus essays

The Writ of Habeas Corpus essays Habeas Corpus is a legal action which is sometimes called a writ and it says a person under arrest is to be brought before a judge to make sure that there is enough evidence to hold the person. If there isnt enough evidence then the prisoner must be released. Any prisoner or a legal person representing the prisoner can request Habeas Corpus. Habeas Corpus does have some limits. It is a guarantee against wrongly holding a prisoner but doesnt exactly protect a persons rights. The right to petition for the legal action has long been celebrated as the best safeguard of the liberty of a person. The writ of habeas corpus was issued by the English courts in the name of the monarch to control inferior courts and public authorities. rather than issuing the writ immediately and waiting for the return of the writ by the custodian, modern practice in England is for the original application to be followed by a hearing with both parties present to decide the legality of the detention, without a ny writ being issued. If the detention is held to be unlawful, the prisoner can usually then be released. On September 11, the United States was changed we became more determined than ever to defend our country. As a result of the tragedy of so many lives lost on September 11 President Bush signed on November 13, 2001 an order establishing the governments right to use military tribunals to try accused terrorist. In 2002, the United States military began bringing prisoners they thought were terrorist to the United States military base in Guantanamo Bay Cuba. The Bush Administration said that the detainees were enemy combatants not prisoners of war. By doing so he bypassed the constitution and the Geneva Convention. Both of those would have served as a protection for the detainees to make sure they were handled properly. President Bush signed an order on November 13, 2001 establishing the government right to use milit...

Informative Explanatory Synthesis Green Power Assignment

Informative Explanatory Synthesis Green Power - Assignment Example The threat of environmental degradation can be significantly eradicated because nature has provided mankind with alternative sources of sustainable or renewable energy and the power to exercise discretion in policy making. There are several features of the environmental crisis, as a result of the burning of fuels. One of the features of burning fossil fuels is the release of an array of pollutants such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere. The crux of the matter is that carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are greenhouse gases which directly generate the Greenhouse Effect. While the Greenhouse Effect may be important in supporting life, the significant increase in the quantity of greenhouse gases causes global warming (an increase of temperature on the earth’s surface) (Gartland, 42). Again, since burning fossil fuels releases sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide, it is clear that pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases and health conditions are bound to ensue. Asthma is the commonest pulmonary disease which may emanate from the burning of fossil fuels. Conversely, burning petrol and diesel releases lead in the atmosphere, yet lead deters mental development. It is also important to note that burning fossil fuels in the environment brings about the cocktail effect. The cocktail effect refers to a situation whereby harmless gases combine with other gases in the atmosphere and become harmful. It is a fact that there are alternative sources of energy as has been envisioned by Lemonick, Friedman and Gore. Nuclear power, compressed natural gas, biomass, geothermal power, radiant energy, hydroelectricity, wind energy, solar power, wave and tidal power are some of these alternative sources and forms of energy. Compressed natural gas CNG) as a fossil fuel, is also considered as a viable alternative to diesel, gasoline and propane fuel. CNG is environmentally cleaner, safer (since it does not spill

Trade Policy of UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trade Policy of UK - Essay Example Secondly, the study also includes the home ownership aspect to the determinants of preferences regarding trade. It indicates that home ownership taken independent of the type of factor has a correlation with trade barrier support in the countries where the manufacturing mix has a concentration in sectors of comparative disadvantage. Here, we see that the preferences have a dependence on the effect of trade policy on the income of factors of production as well as on the economic benefit of the individual. Therefore, the preferences towards trade policy may be as result of not only income of the factors, but also of the ownership of the assets that they possess. However, the assets such as housing do not become a part of the standard theory of trade since it is not employed and nor is it presently produced asset. The study also says that ownership of home is correlated to negative preference for free trade in places having a manufacturing mix that is concentrated in comparative-disadvantage sectors. It is to be noted that when the economy runs on the basis of certain sectors, factors have a direct link in those specific sectors. Hence, it so happens that factors in different sectors show their different preferences i.e. support or negativity. This happens when there is an assumption of immobility of factors between sectors. Here, if the sector is not an exporting one, they prefer protection. However, free trade is the most preferred, if the sector is an exporting one, which means there is negative preference for trade barriers. However, if we assume that factors have mobility, factors who have a higher supply (those factors that are more in number) will have a preference for free trade policy & those which are less in number will have a preference towards protection. The theory on the trade policy indicates that the trade policy is evaluated by individuals in the light of the effect of the same on their incomes. They see whether the effect of the policy is favorable on their income or not and then have a preference towards protection or free trade policy. This does not take into consideration the national welfare. This happens because the income of the factor is affected because of the changes in the relative prices of the products. As seen earlier, we have also taken a view of the mobility of factors of production. The changes in the mobility of factors make an impact on the changes in income and thus influence the decision about trade policy i.e. having a support towards trade barriers or towards free trade. When we talk about the mobility of the factors, we are taking an assumption that the factors can move costlessly amongst sectors. When free trade comes in, not only is product price affected, but there is a change in factor price also. Hence, with the possibility of shifting sectors, the returns rise for the labour. Hence, when this is possible the support towards free trade is higher, since it affects the income positively. This model generally assumes that there is support for protection in the sectors where the factors employed are those which are scarce. The above explanation clearly brings out that the factor type that is abundant will

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Critical thinking - Essay Example Be it spoken (oral) or written, it has a power to help achieve success in every walk of life. It should be noted that language is imperatively different in the field of medical. It is merely because the processes involve a number of stages and terminologies which can be understood by a person who is well-versed in medicinal studies. It has also been assessed that a number of people make use of the language translators to understand medical transcripts. Since I tend to join medical field for an assistant purpose, I am completely aware of the need of understanding relevant language (Skelton). Unlike many other fields of business, it can be well noted that medical field requires clear understanding of procedures. The vocabulary is far different in medical field which is only understandable to the medical practitioners. Considering my involvement in the field of medical, I am sure that if I am aware of language then I would be able to minimize risk of failures. If I will be ordained to perform a task, I will not be in a need to ask again and again because I will be able to understand the requirements as the first place. This is one of the crucial points that are needed to be understood (Skelton). The need of understanding language will also be crucial at the beginning of the day when I will be briefed regarding the goals of each day. Also to make sure that I am able to communicate with personals of administrative, I will have to make a translated version of transcripts. This cannot be done until core terminologies are not understood. This gives a clear idea that it is imperative to study language concerning medical procedures. Reflecting on my current position on language, it can be said that I still need a lot of exercise and practice. I think I am not effective and quick in understanding commands or writing up medicinal transcript to assist senior medical practitioners. I would

Consumer Frugality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer Frugality - Essay Example According to a survey study conducted by Booz & Company on 2,000 consumers in the U.S., there is an emergence of frugal consumers. This is mainly because of the recent recession that has shaped their consumption behavior. It is expected that such consumption behavior will persist in the future even as there are reports that the U.S. is recovering from the recession (Zavestoski, 2002). Therefore, marketers have identified a market segment consisting of frugal consumers and are making efforts to attract such customers. The frugal consumer has unique characteristics including a strong consciousness on a value which determines the level of trade -off in price and convenience. Research studies on consumption patterns among U.S. consumers indicate that almost 67 percent of customers are purchasing low priced products in order to reduce spending while improving on saving (Craig-Lees & Hill, 2002). This is evident from the decrease in the Per capita consumption expenditure across almost all demographic groups. Additionally, customers have maintained a weak sentiment which has influenced their low expenditure on consumption. The target market segment of frugal consumers can be described using a number of demographic factors that define their unique features. The demographic factors include household income and age. First, the target market segment consisting of frugal consumers is made up of middle-income households. They have an annual income between $20,000 and $50,000 and are very mindful when it comes to spending their income. They are very selective and often plan in advance before going for shopping at discount stores rather than high-end stores. Second, the target market consists of individuals aged between 35 and 40 years. This is the age gap within which people have families, are in employment, and are working hard to save for their retirement. They are very keen with their spending habits and they always ensure that they are buying goods at low prices so that they can save a significant part of their income (Zavestoski, 2002). Third, the target market consists of home owners who have a high demand for household products to use in their homes. However, they are also very frugal and have a habit of shopping from discount stores. The multiple demographics of frugal consumers make it very difficult to market products. Discount retail shops including target, Costco, and Sam's Club have developed a number of marketing mixes in attracting frugal consumers. Let us recall that frugal consumers buy less and price conscious. Therefore it is evident that any marketing mix targeting frugal consumers should heavily rely on price. However, the other 3 P’s are equally important because they complement price. It is an obvious fact that consumers are becoming very frugal these days and that businesses need to differentiate their products in order to remain competitive (Craig-Lees & Hill, 2002). The frugal consumer is looking for products that will deliver the best value for their dollar. This implies that businesses need to provide the best value to its client in order to attract a significant number of frugal consumers. The most common marketing mix among companies targeting frugal customers is that there is always a price discount. This is mainly because such consumers a re very sensitive to changes in prices. A significant decrease in

STRATEGICAL MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

STRATEGICAL MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Another measure of success is sales intensity per square metre. Economies of scale and higher sales density deliver lower unit costs and higher net margins potentially leading to a 'spiral of supermarket growth' Morrisons is now one of just four supermarket chains that dominate the full-size superstore market in the United Kingdom. In descending order of size the other three are Tesco, ASDA (owned by Wal-Mart), and Sainsbury's. Morrisons strategy is based on doing the basics efficiently, selling predominantly food at lower prices, and doing so only from large stores. This is a different approach from the other three big chains. Morrison's products are marketed under two slogans "More reasons to shop at Mossisons" and "Quality and Value". The more reasons campaign was backed up with separate adverts explaning numbered "reasons". There are usually a large range of special offers in each stor. Until recently the television advertising campaign for Morrisions had featured the voice of actor Sean Bean but recently this has changed to a middle class and southern English sounding womans voice. This has now once again changed. Morrisons announced that it will ditch its traditional branding and strapline in favour of a more modern brand image. CEO Marc Bolland announced: "Reflecting our nationwide presence and our many new customers, we will be making Morrisons the food specialist for everyone". The change will see the replacement of the current logo and the almost equally iconic "More reasons to shop at Morrisons" strapline, replaced with "fresh for you everyday" or "fresh choice for you" and "Food specialist for everyone". It will also involve the replacement of external signage, as well as changes to product packaging, point of sale, advertising, staff uniforms (replacing the old blue ties and bows to green ones) and distribution vehicles. The rationale behind the decision is the need for Morrisons to attract a wider national customer base, capitalising on its expanded geographical spread following the acquisition of Safeway. On 4 June 2007, Morrisons launched their recycling "recyclopedia" for Morrisons packaging which is a new on-pack labelling scheme to help recycle more. It aims to help increase awareness of what can be recycled and where. The scheme has been welcomed by the national recycling campaign, Recycle Now, and was launched during Recycle Now Week. Morrisons in- store advertising become markedly more aggressive towards competitors- throughout July 2007 sandwich boards comparing prices directly with those of named competitors have appeared which gave a favorable impression of Morrisons's price levels. All Morison's own- brand product packaging is being refreshed with the new logo. The Best's packaging has now changed in colour from black to a dark green, while the Bettabuy brand has been replaced with Morrison's value, with yellow and green packaging. Morrisons launched a three-year 'Optimisation Plan' aimed at cutting costs to ensure future profit recovery. This includes 60m worth of cost savings in distribution and support functions, as well as adapting the smaller 'Choice' format stores below 25,000 sq ft, representing 40% of the store estate, to fit with local demographic and cultures. Morrisons realizes that its brand

Consumer Frugality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer Frugality - Essay Example According to a survey study conducted by Booz & Company on 2,000 consumers in the U.S., there is an emergence of frugal consumers. This is mainly because of the recent recession that has shaped their consumption behavior. It is expected that such consumption behavior will persist in the future even as there are reports that the U.S. is recovering from the recession (Zavestoski, 2002). Therefore, marketers have identified a market segment consisting of frugal consumers and are making efforts to attract such customers. The frugal consumer has unique characteristics including a strong consciousness on a value which determines the level of trade -off in price and convenience. Research studies on consumption patterns among U.S. consumers indicate that almost 67 percent of customers are purchasing low priced products in order to reduce spending while improving on saving (Craig-Lees & Hill, 2002). This is evident from the decrease in the Per capita consumption expenditure across almost all demographic groups. Additionally, customers have maintained a weak sentiment which has influenced their low expenditure on consumption. The target market segment of frugal consumers can be described using a number of demographic factors that define their unique features. The demographic factors include household income and age. First, the target market segment consisting of frugal consumers is made up of middle-income households. They have an annual income between $20,000 and $50,000 and are very mindful when it comes to spending their income. They are very selective and often plan in advance before going for shopping at discount stores rather than high-end stores. Second, the target market consists of individuals aged between 35 and 40 years. This is the age gap within which people have families, are in employment, and are working hard to save for their retirement. They are very keen with their spending habits and they always ensure that they are buying goods at low prices so that they can save a significant part of their income (Zavestoski, 2002). Third, the target market consists of home owners who have a high demand for household products to use in their homes. However, they are also very frugal and have a habit of shopping from discount stores. The multiple demographics of frugal consumers make it very difficult to market products. Discount retail shops including target, Costco, and Sam's Club have developed a number of marketing mixes in attracting frugal consumers. Let us recall that frugal consumers buy less and price conscious. Therefore it is evident that any marketing mix targeting frugal consumers should heavily rely on price. However, the other 3 P’s are equally important because they complement price. It is an obvious fact that consumers are becoming very frugal these days and that businesses need to differentiate their products in order to remain competitive (Craig-Lees & Hill, 2002). The frugal consumer is looking for products that will deliver the best value for their dollar. This implies that businesses need to provide the best value to its client in order to attract a significant number of frugal consumers. The most common marketing mix among companies targeting frugal customers is that there is always a price discount. This is mainly because such consumers a re very sensitive to changes in prices. A significant decrease in

International Accounting (Comparison) Research Paper

International Accounting (Comparison) - Research Paper Example The accounting standards form the principles for the preparation and presentation of financial statements created by the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC). The research paper highlights the major areas of similarities and differences between Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The objective of this research paper is to find out those particular differences that are believed to be mostly encountered during practice. The name itself suggests that the contents of the theory will describe certain principles that are needed to be followed in accounting but despite this GAAP acts as a very important facilitator for investors and companies. GAAP is basically a set of procedures and standards that companies follow in order to present their financial data. Companies follow those standards as these provide them a precise mode of representation of their financial figures which is good for the analysts as it becomes hard for the company to trick them by manipulating their figures. 1 IFRS has gained popularity in recent times and has been well accepted by a huge number of countries in the world. Previously, the multinational companies had to prepare separate financial statements for each country where they had their areas of operations but IFRS has made the task easier. In IFRS the guidelines and standards are set by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that companies and organizations can follow when compiling financial statements. It was previously called the International Accounting Standards (IAS). IFRS provides guidance to prepare financial statements.2 In order to enumerate the advantages of any accounting principle, it is important to analyze the components of it at the outset. The main components of GAAP are: Inventory costs, Debt, Stockholder’s equity, short term

Miss Maddie Mae Essay Example for Free

Miss Maddie Mae Essay Goooooood morning Omaha! It is 6:30 am and the high today is 101 degrees. Thats right, it is going to be another hot one, make sure to make it down to Linoma Beach today, well be down there giving out some cool prizes and its your chance to winI roll over on my side to hit the snooze button and I wipe my forehead with a wet cloth to cool down. I lay in bed for just a few more minutes starring up at my ceiling as I notice an annoying tick coming from my fan, which by the way, is on so high it looks like it is going to plummet from my ceiling at any given moment. Whats today? Something important is supposed to happen today, I think to myself,SHOOT! Its Thursday, I yell out stridently and I quickly jump out of bed to my feet and sprint to the shower trying not to trip over practically 18 pairs of shoes and so much clothes it would last me the rest of the summer without having to wear the same wardrobe twice. What are you in such a big hurry for? my mom asks me as I cut her off, shut the door, and hop in the shower. Its Thursday, I yell back through the walls and over the noise of the shower. And.Ma, how could you forget? Maddies plane comes in at 8:00, Im supposed to pick her up!Well, you better get a move on then Lauren, Its 6:45!I finally get out of my house by about 7:00 and I anxiously drive to the airport, praying I wont be late. I havent seen Maddie since last summer when she moved to LA to live with her dad for a while. Maddie has been my best friend for the longest time, no one could even compare to our friendship. She is the most real person anyone would ever meet. Did I mention were exactly alike? We are crazy! Im hoping now shes home for good, Im not the same without her by my side 24/7, the worst part about it all is that she refuses to tell me whether shes staying or leaving until I pick her up. It is all very stressful, it really is! I arrive at the airport just barely making it and I wait for her by the security checkpoint because youre not allowed to go any further than that anymore without a ticket. Kieny! My girl,I had to look twice at where that familiar voice came from  because she looked so different. Last time I saw her she had a light caramel brown hair but now she had gone back to being that beautiful bleach blonde hair and blue-eyed girl I knew her to be with a golden bronze tan. Wow, it has been so long, I respond with a huge smile on my face shaking my head back and forth in unbelief. Too long, she replies as we hug jumping up and down with laughter and joy. Once we had our girl screaming fest, we went to this little cafà © back out in Millard so we could sit outside and grab a cup of coffee and some breakfast to catch up on lost time. So whats it like in LA, I can see youve got their style down thats for sure, you look like a Laguna Beach chick,Maddie leans back in her chair, slides her aviators off of her nose and on top of her head, places both elbows on the arms of the chair, and swings her right leg over the left. Its a dream come true, it really is. You would love it there, Kieny So, its my first day back, what big plans do you got for us girl?I didnt exactly have anything planned, I figured we would just go with it, but if I were to tell her that she would be disappointed. I replied, Well, its supposed to get pretty hot today so I think we should go to Linoma Beach, a bunch of people will be out there anyways,Sounds good. Guess what home girl? she questions me in a tone of dissatisfaction. Oh no come on now Maddie, is this where you tell me your not staying? I asked her with great hesitation. She paused for what seemed to take 2 hours, but in actuality it was just for a few seconds, Nope! Girl you better believe Im not going anywhere!I shoot out of my seat with excitement and practically spill coffee all over her white California style tube top and her high top shoes,Thats the way it should be, I laughed,And thats the way it will always be, she said back  giving me another hug.

Implementation Of Cloud Computing Inside College Campus Information Technology Essay

Implementation Of Cloud Computing Inside College Campus Information Technology Essay CLOUD COMPUTING can represent a unique opportunity to  reduce the costs associated with infrastructure  and can help to accomplish achieve ever greater levels of efficiencies. With Cloud Computing users can access database resources via the Internet from anywhere, for as long as they need, without worrying about any maintenance or management of actual resources. Besides, databases in cloud are very dynamic and scalable.In this paper we discuss on implementing a cloud computing platform that enables Software as a Service (SaaS) to provide a closed box execution environment that guarantees remote execution of programs in a Local Area Network.Inside a college,students can make use of the cloud resources available online, through a simple web interface. INTRODUCTION: Cloud computing provides the facility to access shared resources and common infrastructure,offering services on demand over the network to perform operations that meet changing business needs. The location of physical resources and devices being accessed are typically not known to the end user. It also provides facilities for users to develop, deploy and manage their applications on the cloud, which entails virtualization of resources that maintains and manages itself. DEFINITION: A cloud is a pool of virtualized computer resources. A cloud can: Host a variety of different workloads, including batch-style back-end jobs and interactive, user-facing applications Allow workloads to be deployed and scaled-out quickly through the rapid provisioning of virtual machines or physical machines Support redundant, self-recovering, highly scalable programming models that allow workloads to recover from many unavoidable hardware/software failures Monitor resource use in real time to enable rebalancing of allocations when needed BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING: CLOUD COMPUTING can represent a unique opportunity to  reduce the costs associated with infrastructure  and can help to accomplish achieve ever greater levels of importantefficiencies. These efficiencies can include not only cost reduction, but also improved access to resources and essential data. The determination as to whether cloud computing services are a good match for your particular business will of course depend the  size of your enterprise, its general needs and your overall sales goals.   Cloud computing, typically entails: High scalability Cloud environments enable servicing of business requirements for larger audiences,through high scalability. Agility The cloud works in the distributed mode environment. It shares resources among users and tasks, while improving efficiency and agility (responsiveness). High availability and reliability Availability of servers is high and more reliable as the chances of infrastructure failure are minimal. Multi-sharing With the cloud working in a distributed and shared mode, multiple users and applications can work more efficiently with cost reductions by sharing common infrastructure. Virtual service Virtual servers seek to encapsulate the server software away from the hardware This includes the OS, the applications, and the storage for that server.Servers end up as mere files stored on a physical box, or in enterprise storage.A virtual server can be serviced by one or more hosts, and one host may house more than one virtual server. Virtual servers can be scaled out easily.If the administrators find that the resources supporting a virtual server are being taxed too much, they can adjust the amount of resources allocated to that virtual server.Server templates can be created in a virtual environment to be used to create multiple, identical virtual servers.Virtual servers themselves can be migrated from host to host almost at will. NEED FOR CLOUD: As an end user, cloud computing lets you run software applications and access data from any place and time, and from any computer; without the need to ever install, upgrade, troubleshoot software applications physically on a local desktop or server. This is one of the most important elements of cloud computing, and why it has become so popular today. In a sense, cloud computing outsources the technical hassles to someone else. It could bring hardware costs down. Cloud computing systems would reduce the need for advanced hardware on the client side You wouldnt need a large hard drive because youd store all your information on a remote computer. Cloud computing gives the option of storing data on someone elses hardware, removing the need for physical space on the front end. CLOUD COMPUTING CHARACTERISTICS: Because cloud computing is related to a number of other technologies, it is best defined by the presence of a number of characteristics. These represent ideals that people want for the applications that run on the cloud: Incremental Scalability: Cloud environments allow users to access additional compute resources on-demand in response to increased application loads. Agility: As a shared resource, the cloud provides flexible, automated management to distribute the computing resources among the clouds users. Reliability and Fault-Tolerance:Cloud environments take advantage of the built-in redundancy of the large numbers of servers that make them up by enabling high levels of availability and reliability for applications that can take advantage of this. Service-oriented: The cloud is a natural home for service-oriented applications, which need a way to easily scale as services get incorporated into other applications. Utility-based: Users only pay for the services they use, either by subscription or transaction-based models. Shared: By enabling IT resources to be consolidated, multiple users share a common infrastructure, allowing costs to be more effectively managed without sacrificing the security of each users data. SLA-driven: Clouds are managed dynamically based on service-level agreements that define policies like delivery parameters, costs, and other factors. APIs: Because clouds virtualize resources as a service they must have an application programming interface (API). TYPES OF CLOUD: Public Cloud A public cloud is one based on the standard cloud computing model, in which a service provider makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general public over the Internet. Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model. The main benefits of using a public cloud service are: Easy and inexpensive set-up because hardware, application and bandwidth costs are covered by the provider. Scalability to meet needs. No wasted resources because you pay for what you use. The term public cloud arose to differentiate between the standard model and the private cloud, which is a proprietary network or data center that uses cloud computing technologies, such a virtualization. A private cloud is managed by the organization it serves. A third model, the hybrid cloud, is maintained by both internal and external providers. Examples of public clouds include Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), IBMs Blue Cloud, Sun Cloud, Google AppEngine and Windows Azure Services Platform. Hybrid cloud A hybrid cloud is a cloud computing environment in which an organization provides and manages some resources in-house and has others provided externally. Although cloud computing is often said to be the future of the industry, the hybrid model is more prevalent for a number of reasons. Large enterprises often already have substantial investments in the infrastructure required to provide resources in-house. Furthermore, many organizations would prefer to keep sensitive data under their own control to ensure security. Private cloud This cloud computing environment resides within the boundaries of an organization and is used exclusively for the organizations benefits. These are also called internal clouds. They are built primarily by IT departments within enterprises who seek to optimize utilization of infrastructure resources within the enterprise by provisioning the infrastructure with applications using the concepts of grid and virtualization. Advantages They improve average server utilization, allow usage of low-cost servers and hardware while providing higher efficiencies; thus reducing the costs that a greater number of servers would otherwise entail High levels of automation, reducing operations costs and administrative overheads Common Services. Some products offer Internet-based services-such as storage, middleware, collaboration, and database capabilities-directly to users. SaaS. Software-as-a-service products provide a complete, turnkey application-including complex programs such as those for CRM or enterprise-resource management-via the Internet. PaaS. Platform-as-a-service products offer a full or partial development environment that users can access and utilize online, even in collaboration with others. IaaS. Infrastructure-as-a-service products deliver a full computer infrastructure via the Internet. CLOUD WITHIN CAMPUS: When the concept of cloud computing is applied to  web hosting, the result can be a technology that lets users scale resources on the fly, and make  changes according to usage and the particular needs  of the enterprise in real time. Thus, as your traffic fluctuates, the  hosting package  can be adjusted to ensure maximum efficiency and minimum waste. This flexibility allows  businesses  to reduce overhead by only investing in the hosting power they actually need, without incurring downtime or overage charges by driving servers beyond capacity.Instead of getting individual cluster for each and every deparment in our college ,We propose that cloud power can be utilised according to their need by hosting the service in local LAN of college SPECIFICATION: TYPE OF CLOUD: PRIVATE CLOUD Private cloud is implemented within college campus thereby enabling students to Execute complex jobs inside college. Reduce the cost of getting higher-end machines. Avoid wastage of resources through sharing of computing resources. Provide transparency to users. SERVICES PROVIDED: SaaS (Software as a Service) Our web interface application is hosted as a service provided to students belonging to various departments inside college. WORKING OF COMPONENTS: Figure : PHASES: Program submission. Upload program to database server. Processing inside cloud. Return result to client browser. PROGRAM SUBMISSION(FRONT END): The student can submit complex programs like MPI from anywhere inside the local area network through the browser.The programs are entered through the HTML front end on the client browser as shown in the screen shot below UPLOAD PROGRAM TO DATABASE SERVER: Tomcat can be used to implement a java servlet that uploads the program based on user input..Tomcat serves as a back-end which handles requests passed to it from a general purpose web server such as Apache. PROCESSING INSIDE CLOUD: The uploaded program is shared among the nodes.On the back end of the system are the various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the cloud of computing services. The MPI specification allows users to create portable libraries that can take advantage of multiple processors to provide high performance. An increasing number of implementations covering most common platforms are becoming available.MPI is well-suited to a range of environments and can function using multiple processors in a single high-performance computer as well as across a network of lower-powered machines. For complex programs like MPI programs, once the user submits the job, the user will be prompted to enter the number of nodes required by the user for the computation. Thus the user is given the priviledge to choose the number of nodes After job submission, the agent, starts running automatically.It is the component running on the worker nodes. Initially, it has to determine the local system parameters that are essential for job selection and execution.These are the installed memory, the CPU architecture, the availability of some runtime environments and the operating system. It starts the working loop with a query to the server for a job.If the server responds with the copy of the file to be executed, the agent downloads the specified files. The agent starts the job with low operating system process priority and waits for its completion.During the execution,it periodically contacts the server to submit the heartbeat. When the job is finished without any error, all result files and the standard/error out data are uploaded to the server. If all the files are transferred successfully, a final commit is sent to the server.Then and only then, the job is accepted as successfully done and the agent proceeds by waiting for the next job from the server. RETURN RESULT TO CLIENT BROWSER: The computed results are sent back to the client browser. Screenshot: IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS:    Programming language Used: Java    Web Server Used: Apache-tomcat 5.5    Automation of execution is done using: Shell script    Web interface Request Handler: Servlet      Front end: HTML    Database Connector: libmysql-java (jdbc driver for mysql)    Back-end: Mysql 5.0.51a-24 ADVANTAGES: Reduced Cost: Each department need not invest in buying separate servers.The cloud technology will supplement clusters at each department with a single powerful server for all purposes. Increased Storage Sutdents can store more data than on private computer systems.Thus individual computers need not be high-end powerful machines. Highly Automated  The work of compilation and execution will be completely automated. Flexibility Cloud computing offers much more flexibility than past computing methods because a number of services are provided to the user just with a machine and a browser. More Mobility   Students can access server resources wherever they are, rather than having to remain at their desks. CONCLUSION: Cloud computing is the big wave in computing. It has many benefits, such as better hardware management, since all the computers are the same and run the same hardware. It also provides for  better and easier management of data. Thus implementing cloud within a college campus will definitely help in all means.

Television Programing Essay -- Technology, TV, Internet

In the beginning, television programming was free for anybody with a television set and an antenna. Unfortunately, there weren’t very many channels to choose from and they were all loaded with ads. Later, cable companies found success for themselves by charging consumers to pipe an ever increasing number of channels into their homes. But it still seemed like there was never anything good, and it was all still loaded with ads. Now advanced telecommunications technology enables consumers to access television and video content on demand via the internet, provided they have a broadband, or high speed, connection. The increasing market penetration of broadband internet service may be leading consumers to abandon traditional television in favor of internet based on-demand video distribution, and forcing traditional television content producers to find new ways to maintain profits in the wake of this change. Watching high quality video content on a television screen via the internet has become easy for the average consumer. Streaming video players, which connect televisions to the internet and allow someone to easily navigate the vast sea of internet video content, are readily available for purchase in electronics stores. One such product, the Roku 2 HD, retails for about $60 and allows access to hundreds of online video channels without subscription fees over a broadband internet connection (â€Å"Choose your Roku†, 2011; â€Å"Roku channel store†, 2011). Meanwhile, Cox Communications charges about $20 per month for a very basic programming package consisting of 23 channels (â€Å"Cox Communications†, 2011). Since the Roku only costs the equivalent of three months worth of the most basic cable television service and does not require a subscription ... ...ly $734 million of that is from video (Perren, 2010, p. 74). While the advertising revenues are still small for online video, the number of people that are viewing is large, and it is getting larger quickly. In November 2010, The Washington Post published an article that that noted Netflix’s video service alone made up roughly 30% of all consumer internet traffic during the busiest times (as cited in Kang, 2011a). With so many consumers shifting over to online viewing, it is apparent that the industry will have to find a way to make it work. The consumer trend towards broadband internet connections and internet based on-demand video services is clear. Cable companies will continue to lose their once dominant positions unless they are able to leverage these new technologies to improve their customers’ experiences while increasing value of their advertising space.

Tv And Violence :: essays research papers

Violence on Television We hear a great deal about violence on television these days. Nearly everywhere you turn there is something being written about it, or a program dealing with the issue of it, or a news story about a child somewhere who was influenced by it to do something harmful. The subject permeates our collective consciousness. Maybe this is due to the ever-increasing number of gangs in our urban centers. Maybe it's due to the ever-increasing crime rate that we hear about almost nightly on the news. Whatever the reasons behind its being such a concern, the fact remains that violence on television is a very real problem that is quite definitely a contributing factor to increasing violence among children and, yes, even among adults. Cartoon violence has been around as long as cartoons have - and that's a long time. The first animated Disney cartoons featured a rabbit named Oswald back in 1928 and the cartoon industry grew from there. So for seventy years now we've been treated to the antics of various characters, either through the opening Looney Tunes at the movies or the five hours of Saturday morning cartoons that were a ritual with us all growing up. There was Tweety Bird always getting the best of Sylvester the Cat, Bugs Bunny always outsmarting Elmer Fudd and Daffy Duck, Foghorn Leghorn constantly getting bruised by the awkward antics of his little chicks, Yosemite Sam getting his head blown off at least once a week and of course, the memorable Wyle E. Coyote who never, in all his forty-odd years of pursuing the Roadrunner ever bought anything from the Acme Co. that ever worked right (Siano, 20). They were truly funny and, in some respects, cathartic for us and it is this writer's opinion that cartoon violence is quite probably the least of our worries as far as what is corrupting the minds of our children today. We grew up on it and there is not one single documented case of a violent criminal who ever claimed that he ended up the way he did because he ingested a steady diet of Roadrunner episodes. Let's get serious. Most of these violent criminal types weren't home with the family watching Saturday morning cartoons when they grew up. They were out tying cats' tails together and throwing them over somebody's clothesline so they could watch them kill each other. Or they were torturing the neighbor's new puppy while Mom was at work, Dad was non-existent, and all 3 or 4 or 5 kids were left to raise themselves. Or they were busy learning violence first-hand from their alcoholic father whose chief mission in life seemed to be

Challenges of Hong Kong Essay

Topic: Challenges of Hong Kong’s full service airlines facing today This essay examines the challenges faced by Hong Kong’s full service airlines nowadays. Air transportation serves not only to encourage trade and growth in the tourism industry in Hong Kong, but also to improve people’s mobility and to form a modern society. In this essay, full service airline is defined as traditional airline that provides services such as allocated seat, transfer of baggage between flights, blankets and meals. Full service airlines suffer several challenges in the aspect of production cost for developing advanced system and competition with low-cost airlines nowadays. For this reason, I would like to investigate the challenges in depth according to the above aspects and figure out possible solutions. Challenge 1: Low-cost airline invasion In recent years, the airline industry has undergone a revolution caused by the growth in population of low-cost carriers, which are airlines that provide discounted fares and no-frills service to passengers, and the increase in the number of low-cost carriers caused a huge growth in departure and arrival of regional airports and established a brand new market in short-break tourism. While low-cost airlines are gaining an increased market share within the industry, the full-service airlines are struggling. Numbers of full-service airlines are on the edge of bankruptcy, and some even had to sign agreements or mergers to ensure their long-run existence. To compete with the no-frills airlines, some full service airlines had set up their own low-cost subsidiary, but a few of them ended up in operational losses, forced to sell their subsidiary. Pels (2008) describes full service airlines as aiming to offer ‘quality’, whereas no-frills carriers aim to keep costs low. He states that although it may be difficult for low-cost airlines to earn money on ticket sales, they may gain profit on board by selling snacks and beverages, and from the airports depart from or land on. Moreover, most low-cost airlines promote themselves for their transparency in the pricing system, thus keeping air travel remarkably affordable, despite the high cost of jet fuel. As low-fare airlines ‘invades’ the airline industry, full service airlines will not only encounter fare pressure, but will also have to progressively  fight with the upstarts for takeoff, landing slots and gate space in Hong Kong or other crowded airports in Asia. In order to encounter this challenge, the airline should emphasize on the services it provides, and focus on improving their flights operations both in the air and on the ground, utilizing optimum flight management procedures and providing customers with sustainable products and services, in order to compete with the rising trend of low-cost airlines. Challenge 2: Managing destinations Full service airlines use the Hub and Spoke System, which enables passengers to travel from one smaller city to another smaller city via a hub or even two hubs. This system not only service more cities at a lower cost, but also maximizes passenger loads, thus saving fuels. Low-cost airlines use ‘simple’ point-to-point networks, as they operate routes which originate or end at a major airport, which allows them to enter any market they see fit. Thus, if the route turns out to be unprofitable, the low-cost carrier will close it down. According to Pels (2008), full service airlines cannot easily withdraw from a market, even if it is hardly profitable, because a full-service carrier’s link between a hub airport and spoke airport serves many different indirect markets. If this route is closed because of the decrease in load factor due to competition on the market between the hub airports and spoke airports, passengers and profits, in all other markets using this link a re lost. According to a survey by the Company Barclaycard, a relatively large number of the business travellers (71%) used low-cost airlines for business trips. This indicates that passenger preferences may be shifting to low-cost, less service airlines. The low-cost carrier attracts passengers from the full-service airlines, thus causes competition and reduces load factors and profits for the full-service airlines. In order to solve this problem, full-service airlines can offer more low-fare tickets on short-haul routes, and use short-haul routes as feeders for the global markets where they make most profits. Even though the competition for indirect travellers is very intense, they will allow conventional airlines to maintain a large network with relatively high frequencies. Challenge 3: Investment on the advanced technology With the rapid development in advanced technologies and popular use in mobile gadgets, reserving a seat on the plane is just one click ahead. Simply by browsing the website of their desired airline, customers will be able to get all the relevant information they will need to plan their trip, including the list of fares in specific dates and allocation of the seats on the aircraft. In addition, systems like automatic airport check-ins and ticketless air travel are getting more popular, and will be the future trends in the airline industry. Therefore, in order to provide the passengers accessibility in online reservations and to build up the image of a green airline, investments are needed to be made on improving the systems. Acknowledging the numerous benefits provided by the internet, airlines have been investing resources in their websites. Standing (2000) claimed that the Web has changed from pushing firms and services to pulling clients into value-added opportunities that a company provides. Airlines do not only compete among each other, they also compete with online travel agents such as Expedia. Thus, to solve this challenge, the airlines should entice travellers to book their trips via the airline’s website, by providing extra benefits to customers when they purchase online. Conclusion To summarize, the challenges that full service airlines in Hong Kong faced are the rising of low-cost airlines, the managing of destinations and huge investments made on developing and improving the systems for reservation and check-ins. It is crucial for airlines to understand that when passengers purchase an airline seat, they are not just paying for a seat in the aircraft; they also purchase the service behind. In order to attract a consumer’s attention, benefits or attributes of using full service airlines and low cost carriers such as price, safety, network connections, and service will be important. REFERENCES: Cooper C. and et al. (1999) Tourism: Principles and Practice, 2nd ed., Longman Publishing: Harlow. Driver, J. (1999). Developments in airline marketing practice. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, 5 (5), 134–150. Law, R. & Leung, R. (2000). A Study of Airlines’ Online Reservation Services on the Internet. Journal of Travel Research, 39 (2), 202-211. Moiseiwitsch, J. (2012). Budget airlines find Hong Kong a tough market to crack. In South China Morning Post. Retrieved November 6, 2014 from http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1404255/budget-airlines-find-hong-kong-tough-market-crack Pels, E. (2008). Airline network competition: Full-service airlines, low-cost airlines and long-haul markets. Research in Transportation Economics, 24 (1), 68-74. Sigala M. (2003) The Information and Communication Technologies Productivity Impact on the UK Hotel Sector, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23(10), 1224-45. Wang, J. & Lee, S. (2014). Asia’s Budget Airline Invasion. In Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved November 6, 2014 from http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-02-13/asias-budget-airline-invasion-cathay-pacific-defends-hong-kong

Snort

Snort system softwareBy:College:Course:Professor:Date:AbstractThere has been a battle of supremacy among tech giants for quite a long; one company is always trying to outsmart the other. Positively speaking we can say that this has led to many innovations that have come in handy to make the customers navigations easy (morris-2014). Looking at it from the customers' eye, selection of good software has been a daunting task as most of them are brilliant if not classic. Selection of an operating is quite easy technology gurus but the situation is different for customers that are drawn to a product just because of peer reference or it popularity. Most of them end up being disappointed with their acquired systems after they underperform or demand other requirements to function. It is this battle that has led to specialization of the products in the technology industry, a keen analysis will show that some operating systems perform brilliantly in one field but fail in another; one is good in programming but moderate in its internet speed and vice versa. This research should be an eye opener for the operating system customers; before they pack bucks to go shopping for an OS they should know the precise features that they want their OS to have and hence need to do detailed digging to avoid confusion and later frustrations. Well, the most common operating system is windows; banking on popularity, but Linux is also catching up. Mac is out of question in this research as it only operates on Apple devices and if one owns the device then he has no option but stick to Mac operating system. On that point, I will be focusing on windows and Linux software in a bid to prove my point clear. The comparisons between these two should clearly show that one is superior to the other; I back the Linux system. To add a mint of credibility I will be sourcing for information from trustworthy online sites and scholarly articles that speak in favor of Linux. This will do away with bias and give the reader relevant insights. In the result section I will be showing that, truly there are benefits of Linux over windows software. In the discussion part I will highlight the requirements to run Linux, its file system location, instructions to run it and give examples of companies that use Linux to prove my point. IntroductionLinux was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. It is a free open source open source operating system that allows users customize their own source code additional to main source code of Linux. It can be used on any device, smartphone, gaming consoles, e-books and desktops, however, it is mainly used as a server because of its openness and easy functionality. A common distribution of linux is the kernel; this is the central operating system component and link between a software application and its data. Other distributions are; downloading tools, system utilities, programs. It also comes in handy when installing or uninstalling updates. The ability of Linux to allow easy data manipulation and have resizable folders, buttons, windows and icons has made a preferred OS over its competitors as web developers use it to train themselves. Its robustness, scalability and flexibility have also made it a base OS for giant companies (gagne-2014). Some of it outstanding benefits are; open source nature, this allows it users to see the codes and make modifications. Community support system, this enables the user to reach share his problems to the Linux community and solutions be offered without waiting for experts. Reliability, it runs smoothly with no delays and reboot commands. Free to use, the customers can access it freely and even run it without subscriptions. Privacy does not pop out additional tools or make commands for information collection. Best for programming, allows a variety of programming applications like c/c++, python, perl and java to run on the OS.Research MethodsI used internet articles and scholarly reviews to build on my case. I mainly focused on the ones that explained the advantages that Linux has and disadvantages of windows. I also read ones that said the advantages of windows over linux. I aggregated the results of one party one party over the other and also summed the disadvantages of one case over the latter. This is the method I used so as to not look biased. I sourced the installation instructions from Linux and Windows official sites so that to give detailed steps and prove which one was simple to install and run and which had additional requirements for the process to begin. Results I discovered that windows has 13 steps to installation of the main and will require an antivirus before you begin to run the operating system. Windows also has a variety of products that are only fit to certain types of devices depending on the year it was manufactured and the storage space on the device. Linux on the other hand has 11 steps that can be downed to 6 and does not need an antivirus installation before it starts running. This feature reduces cost. This proves that Linux is way cheaper and way easy to control than windows. DiscussionThe steps after installation are not essential if you only need the Linux OS to be doing simple tasks like typing and doing calculation (dubey-2016). There also minimal requirements needed to run Linux on your device, they are;2GHz dual core processor2GiB system memory25 GB hard drive space, that can hold a USB stick, memory card on external driveVGA that has 1024 by 768 screen resolutionDVD/ CD or USB port for installer mediaInternet access ( optional)The requirements to install it on your desired servers are also less compared to windows;Processor should be 300MHz by 86 or above RAM should be 256MiB or above Disk space of 1.5GB or aboveMonitor cable and graphic card of 640 by 480 CD driveSystem files or log files are located in the directory of the software; there are different log files for different applications on the system. The most common files are history files that contain installation and removal information. In the directory you can view it at apt then history.logOther file destinations in the directory are;Installer, log files created during installationKern.log, kernel information like errors and warningsAlternatives.log, set of history on alternatives set by different packagesXorg.org, details on graphic driver that includes it warnings and failuresApport.log, saves information about number of crashes the OS has experiencedInstructions to install your Linux software are simple;Download the OS from Ubuntu site, this ensures it is authenticBurn the OS on a CD, memory card or flash diskPartition the computer's hard driveInsert your installer to the specific portRestart your device and wait for Linux installation window to appearSelect the language on the BIOS and click installCheck both boxes for preparing to install Ubuntu and continueCheck erase disk and install Ubuntu, click install nowFollow th e prompts to set location and time and enter your user informationSelect log in information and restart the computerSelect Ubuntu and press enterConclusion War lines were drawn on the technology industry floor when there was emergence of software and the situation tensed further when modifications were being done on the systems. All fronts have diehards and sycophants to vehemently prove their sides stronger but we must all agree that there are specific tasks that on OS performs better than the other; it is on this truce that I have proved that Linux has a better understanding of its customer base and it is by far the best as it offers simpler and more efficient tools over its arch rival. It is sad that a company's supremacy is always measured by its net sales and popularity but the judges ignore its suitability and fail to account for the grumbles from the customers. Truth be said, it is this ratings that lead to misleading of more customers. Linux efficiency and supremacy can be proved by giant companies that run on it; facebook, Google, Amazon, McDonalds, twitter, IBM, DELL, NASA and even the American submarines (das-2014). This clientele proves the point that Linux has a high level of privacy, is fast, can be modified to feed specific needs, cannot easily crash, is inexpensive and holds a large amount of data. Thumb rule of any manufacturing company should be; allow customers get the value for their money but meeting their specific needs. What is the need of getting of acquiring an operating system that is not long lasting or one that will need regular updates for it to function? That is how I conclude that Linux is by far much better than Windows operating system.ReferencesLA Morris- 2014Multi-OS (operating system) boot via mobile deviceG Gagne- 2014Operating system conceptsSK Dubey- 2016Implementation of operating system selection using AHP- entropy modelD Das- 2014Performance measurement and management model of data generation and writing time.

Human Resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Human Resources Management - Essay Example Furthermore, if the members believe that a particular type of appraisal system will affect them positively whereas the new system may incorporate many different dimensions that may bring their weaknesses to the forefront, they may resist to the selection of a new appraisal system. Therefore there are a number of issues that affect the selection process. In order to design an effective appraisal system, it is important to consider a number of issues that may have an impact on the appraisal system. The management must make sure that the new system provides some quantitative measure of the employee’s performance to facilitate the process of evaluation (Robbins & Judge, 2004). First of all the human resource manager must decide on the criterion to be used for the appraisal mechanism. The ideal criteria would be the ability to deliver, to communicate effectively, quality of work, the ability to plan and set goals, to motivate, to lead and to complete the assigned tasks on time. Performance appraisals help organizations clarify expectations that it may have from the employees and build trust. Since it allows an organization to evaluate each employee’s contribution to the organization, it also helps in determining each employee’s strengths and weaknesses. The management can then assign tasks to employees based on their individual skills. Not only will this lead to better results but it will also lead to employee satisfaction because they will be doing what they are best at and enjoy the most (Daft, 2001). Also, it aids the organization in determining which employees are outstanding performers and hence it ties rewards, bonuses and other benefits with the employee performance and appraisal. Moreover, the appraisal mechanism allows the management to determine the level of satisfaction of employees. Through feedback after the appraisal, management can determine the problems faced by the

The Epitome of Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Epitome of Democracy - Essay Example This explains why despite the country being economically stable, the number of people who can afford health insurance is very small. There is an ever-widening gap between the rich and the poor with the poor being majority about 80% (Behrouzi,  16). The wealth of the country is controlled by a small group of people who are about 20% and who also with the current state of political development have control in the political system. It is a shame that a country that is so developed has people languishing in poverty, some are homeless and there are high levels of unemployment even among the educated population. Although people with degrees have a greater chance of getting better jobs, they also have their challenge of dealing with student debt (Iek, 1). Education has become very expensive. In order to overcome the eminent problems facing the country, there is need to change the political system. This paper investigates the problems in the American systems of governance and gives the sug gestion of the changes that should be implemented. Here is the doubt that the American political system is dysfunctional. The existing systems have become obsolete. Creation of jobs is very slow and only a few people benefit from reforms that the government institutes than many. There is no doubt that there exists huge inequalities between the haves and have not’s. However, despite the fact that American system of democracy and capitalism is to some extent to blame for the current state of affairs, this does not mean that they should be completely done with. America reached its status of being global leading economy because of practicing capitalism. Capitalism encouraged people to work hard to gather wealth and this led to the growth of the countries economy (Marx, Karl & Friedrich Engels, 245).

Performance and Reward Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance and Reward Management - Assignment Example Organizations need HR data in order to make rational and informed decisions for adequate performance management. In order to make sure that hardworking employees are rewarded and disloyal and unproductive employees are penalized, it is imperative that HR data is collected and maintained. Such data includes but is not limited to employees’ attendance, their productivity in terms of goal achievement, their discipline and conduct, and their professional growth and skill development. Having detailed recorded information of all these aspects enables the managers to quantify the results and ensure that the resources are adequately utilized for the benefit of the organization. Collecting data related to employees’ performance helps HR admin in rational decision making. Resources in an organization are limited. In order to achieve organizational goals, it is essential to assign these resources proportionately among the employees considering their needs and past performance. HR admin needs employees’ performance data during the performance appraisal process. This data helps HR admin reach the decisions of promoting certain employees and demoting others, offering increments to certain employees and decrements to others, and selecting employees to be sent as expatriates to other countries. Data related to sick absences is needed by the HR admin not only for monitoring the productivity of employees but also to ensure the provision of adequate medical care to the employees. An employee with a lot of sick absences clearly displays signs of poor productivity and wastage of time and resources. Besides, the organization might incur significant costs in paying the increased insurance premiums for such employees. It is the responsibility of the HR admin to watch out for employees who are using organizational resources for personal gains and report them to the top management. Electronic record storage, as the name implies, is the storage of information in a

Ethical Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Theory - Assignment Example The utilitarian theory is applicable in this situation based on several factors. Firstly, it provides an opportunity to evaluate the morality of end of life medical support. Secondly, the value of end of life medical support can be evaluated by listing both the positive and negative outcomes of the issue. Allowing end of life care will give patients autonomy over their health. This is a good thing because everyone should have a viable alternative should the illness become too painful. In addition, they will enhance the management of resources. For example, the death of terminally ill patients will free up health care resources for other patients. However, the arguments made against the practice also offer some interesting and valid information on the issue. Firstly, it is believed that the practice will encourage individuals to commit suicide. Secondly, there is a possibility that doctors would recommend the practice as a means of saving resources. Thirdly, the life of any human bein g is sacred and should not be ended by their decision or through the decisions of other people. A comparison of arguments presented by both parties reveal that the practice will do more good than harm. In addition, contingency measures can be taken to regulate the practice. For example, there should be laws that state the conditions under which it will be acceptable. In addition, the doctors should exercise due diligence and ensure that they give their patients sufficient information to enable them to make informed choices (Yadav, 2006). This may include telling them that exercising their power of self rule may work against their best interests (Savory & Marco, 2009). This places a lot of power on doctors who may have vested interests in seeing the patient choose End of Life Care Support. The major strength of this theory is that it seeks to find the greatest ratio of good to evil. As a result, it supports the practice since it limits the drain of resources for

Independent research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Independent research - Essay Example The credit cards involve much risk such as theft, fraud, misuse of personal information, etc. however these risks can be managed by paying just a little attention to once financial position and the purchasing power. The card holder must communicate his rights and obligations to the issuing authority which strengthens their relationship and reduces risks (Anderson & Schroder, 2010). Credit cards offered by the Banks Credit cards are offered by the Banks to their customers, through whom they can make payments for online products, in shops, products available with the telemarketers, for paying bills of hotels and resorts, for paying fare, etc. As indicated by name they are based upon the credit system, the user of the card would have to pay interest to the bank whenever he makes payments through the credit card. The issuer of the card is the Bank itself which allows the consumers a continuous balance of debt with the interest payments. The idea of a credit card was emerged somewhere in 1887. The concept of the modern credit card was based on the idea of merchant credit schemes which were used among the companies to make payments. Later the horizon of the card become wide and it became available to the local public. Initially these cards were made of celluloid plastic but these days mostly polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used. The credit card holder does not require having an account in the bank. Since the whole process revolves around the concept of credit therefore it is better to say that the card owner borrows some amount from the bank to make purchases which are later paid with an additional amount of interest. People often make purchases without considering their payback power that either they would be able to pay the credited amount to bank or not. Just in case if they are unable to pay their credits then they face the consequences of credit card debt. Whenever a purchase is made the card holder enters the personal identification number (PIN) on the basis of whi ch he will pay the Bank in future (Crouhy, Galai & Mark, 2010). Credit cards are often attached with lots of free goods and services that the consumers enjoy on their side whenever they make payments. These services are provided by the banks and different companies. For instance, if you use a credit card of the certain bank, then it will give you several transactional benefits and also easy payment methods. While on the other hand the companies give discounts or additional services to purchase their product. But to enjoy the extra services customers need to make purchases up to the required limit (Carrol, 2010). Now there are electronic devices available to check the balance and the purchasing power of the card holder instantly. The purchasing power of the card holder can also be analyzed by the security code printed on the card. This is usually done in online purchases or the one that are made over the telephone where the sales person verifies that either the customer is able to ma ke the payment or not. Every month the card holder receives a bill indicating all of his purchases and the final amount that he has to pay to the Bank. If the card holder is also having an account in the same bank then the unpaid balance is deducted from their otherwise he can choose to make the payment later with a late fee or additional interest amounts. Regulatory aspect of credit cards: In 2009, President Barrack Obama signed the credit card

Domestic Issue Essay Example for Free

Domestic Issue Essay One of the problems that the United States is currently facing is immigration. Every year, a large number of people immigrate to the country to start a new life. They believe this country will bring them answers and will solve their problems in the instant that they arrive. Many do get successful and live the life they dreamed of, and there are even more immigrants who become unfortunate. Still, the problem lies on the fact that too many immigrants exist in the country leaving less opportunities to the American people. It is a fact that these immigrants are talented and hardworking people. Because of their determination to succeed to help their families, most of them are willing to do anything just to make some money and be accepted in the workforce. Most of them agree even to be paid with the minimum amount because having a legal job is important. Employers prefer to hire these immigrants due to the ease of dealing with them. As a result, many Americans workers lose their opportunities to be hired by these employers. The competition is getting tougher, as the number of immigrants increase each year. Another problem that immigration can bring is the spread of diseases to the country. Immigrants come from all over the world and some of them may be hosts of communicable diseases including the human deficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, or bird flu. This presents a threat to the health of Americans, and to the whole world. Immigration is not all negative if other aspects are analyzed. It might even be a very good thing for the country if it were not in excess. However, it is still a problem, which the